Rather than assuming, let’s quickly break down what your data could consist of. A Georgetown University data ethics project defines it as any piece of information that can be used for some purpose, such as statistical analysis. This may include your address, phone number, and demographic information; or it may include your preferences, such as where you shop, your political views, or what shows you watch.
All of this is available on the web through app and website tracking; often agreed to without much thought via End User License Agreements (EULAs). These are contracts between you and a company that outline how you can use their products and services, as well as what can and cannot be done with your data.
Your data might seem harmless, just sitting there; but to companies, it’s digital gold waiting to be mined. Through EULAs, some companies collect your information and preferences, then sell them to vendors for targeted advertising or market research.
You’ve probably noticed this before: you search for a trip abroad, and suddenly, you’re seeing ads for luggage or travel packages on YouTube. This kind of data collection might seem benign, but it takes on a much darker tone when used for political manipulation, targeting vulnerable communities, or spreading misinformation.
So, what can you do if companies are constantly collecting information about you? For some people, this trade-off is acceptable–giving up data to access a free-to-play game might seem fair. But it’s only fair if you’re aware of it.
Consent is key. Some governments have passed laws requiring companies to let users see what data has been collected and even revoke it if they wish. Remember: as a user, you should have the power to decide when, where, and how your data is used, no matter where you live.